first version

kirby/src/Exception/BadMethodCallException.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace Kirby\Exception;
+
+class BadMethodCallException extends Exception
+{
+    protected static $defaultKey = 'invalidMethod';
+    protected static $defaultFallback = 'The method "{ method }" does not exist';
+    protected static $defaultHttpCode = 400;
+    protected static $defaultData = ['method' => null];
+}

kirby/src/Exception/DuplicateException.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace Kirby\Exception;
+
+class DuplicateException extends Exception
+{
+    protected static $defaultKey = 'duplicate';
+    protected static $defaultFallback = 'The entry exists';
+    protected static $defaultHttpCode = 400;
+}

kirby/src/Exception/Exception.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace Kirby\Exception;
+
+use Kirby\Cms\App;
+use Kirby\Toolkit\I18n;
+use Kirby\Toolkit\Str;
+
+class Exception extends \Exception
+{
+    protected $data;
+    protected $httpCode;
+    protected $details;
+    protected $isTranslated = true;
+
+    protected static $defaultKey = 'general';
+    protected static $defaultFallback = 'An error occurred';
+    protected static $defaultData = [];
+    protected static $defaultHttpCode = 500;
+    protected static $defaultDetails = [];
+
+    private static $prefix = 'error';
+
+    public function __construct($args = [])
+    {
+        // Set data and httpCode from provided arguments or defaults
+        $this->data     = $args['data']     ?? static::$defaultData;
+        $this->httpCode = $args['httpCode'] ?? static::$defaultHttpCode;
+        $this->details  = $args['details']  ?? static::$defaultDetails;
+
+        if (is_string($args) === true) {
+            $this->isTranslated = false;
+            parent::__construct($args);
+        } else {
+            // Define whether message can/should be translated
+            $translate = ($args['translate'] ?? true) === true && class_exists('Kirby\Cms\App') === true;
+
+            // Define the Exception key
+            $key = self::$prefix . '.' . ($args['key'] ?? static::$defaultKey);
+
+            // Fallback waterfall for message string
+            $message = null;
+
+            if ($translate) {
+                // 1. Translation for provided key in current language
+                // 2. Translation for provided key in default language
+                if (isset($args['key']) === true) {
+                    $message = I18n::translate(self::$prefix . '.' . $args['key']);
+                    $this->isTranslated = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 3. Provided fallback message
+            if ($message === null) {
+                $message = $args['fallback'] ?? null;
+                $this->isTranslated = false;
+            }
+
+            if ($translate) {
+                // 4. Translation for default key in current language
+                // 5. Translation for default key in default language
+                if ($message === null) {
+                    $message = I18n::translate(self::$prefix . '.' . static::$defaultKey);
+                    $this->isTranslated = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 6. Default fallback message
+            if ($message === null) {
+                $message = static::$defaultFallback;
+                $this->isTranslated = false;
+            }
+
+            // Format message with passed data
+            $message = Str::template($message, $this->data, '-', '{', '}');
+
+            // Handover to Exception parent class constructor
+            parent::__construct($message, null, $args['previous'] ?? null);
+
+            // Set the Exception code to the key
+            $this->code = $key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    final public function getData(): array
+    {
+        return $this->data;
+    }
+
+    final public function getDetails(): array
+    {
+        return $this->details;
+    }
+
+    final public function getKey(): string
+    {
+        return $this->getCode();
+    }
+
+    final public function getHttpCode(): int
+    {
+        return $this->httpCode;
+    }
+
+    final public function isTranslated(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->isTranslated;
+    }
+
+    public function toArray(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'exception' => static::class,
+            'message'   => $this->getMessage(),
+            'key'       => $this->getKey(),
+            'file'      => ltrim($this->getFile(), $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] ?? null),
+            'line'      => $this->getLine(),
+            'details'   => $this->getDetails(),
+            'code'      => $this->getHttpCode()
+        ];
+    }
+}

kirby/src/Exception/InvalidArgumentException.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace Kirby\Exception;
+
+class InvalidArgumentException extends Exception
+{
+    protected static $defaultKey = 'invalidArgument';
+    protected static $defaultFallback = 'Invalid argument "{ argument }" in method "{ method }"';
+    protected static $defaultHttpCode = 400;
+    protected static $defaultData = ['argument' => null, 'method' => null];
+}

kirby/src/Exception/LogicException.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace Kirby\Exception;
+
+class LogicException extends Exception
+{
+    protected static $defaultKey = 'logic';
+    protected static $defaultFallback = 'This task cannot be finished';
+    protected static $defaultHttpCode = 400;
+}

kirby/src/Exception/NotFoundException.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace Kirby\Exception;
+
+class NotFoundException extends Exception
+{
+    protected static $defaultKey = 'notFound';
+    protected static $defaultFallback = 'Not found';
+    protected static $defaultHttpCode = 404;
+}

kirby/src/Exception/PermissionException.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace Kirby\Exception;
+
+class PermissionException extends Exception
+{
+    protected static $defaultKey = 'permission';
+    protected static $defaultFallback = 'You are not allowed to do this';
+    protected static $defaultHttpCode = 403;
+}